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Salud pública Méx ; 62(1): 80-86, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365991

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el acceso al diagnóstico oportuno del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) e identificar sus barreras mediante una trayectoria de hechos que va desde percibir los síntomas hasta obtener el diagnóstico formal. Material y métodos: Se empleó un modelo conceptual integral (basado en cuatro dimensiones: percibir, buscar, llegar y usar) y centrado en el paciente. Ello permitió trazar una trayectoria de hechos vividos por las diadas (paciente y su cuidador primario), a partir de la cual se diseñó una cédula compuesta por 143 preguntas dicotómicas o politómicas, y cinco preguntas abiertas. Participaron 177 diadas. Resultados: Se identificaron numerosas barreras para acceder al diagnóstico oportuno; la falta de percepción del TDAH resultó clave como obstáculo para el acceso inicial. Conclusión: La barrera de la falta de percepción podría evitarse brindando información a los cuidadores para que perciban los síntomas nucleares del TDAH como problemas potenciales de salud mental.


Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the access of an early diagnosis of the ADHD and to identify its barriers by means of a trajectory of facts from perceiving the symptoms until obtaining the formal diagnosis. Materials and methods: An integral conceptual model has been used - based on four dimensions (perceive, search, arrive and use) - and centered on the patient; this has allowed to trace a trajectory of facts lived by the dyads (patient and their primary caregiver). The survey was composed of five open and 143 dichotomous or polytomous questions. 177 dyads participated. Results: Numerous barriers were identified to access the early diagnosis; the lack of perception of ADHD was key to initiate access. Conclusion: The lack of perception could be avoided with information to the caregivers so that they perceive the nuclear symptoms of ADHD as potential mental health problems.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Caregivers , Symptom Assessment , Health Services Accessibility , Surveys and Questionnaires , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Sample Size , Early Diagnosis , School Teachers , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand , Mothers/statistics & numerical data
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